The Clear and Simple Truth on Divorce and Remarriage, Part One

by Robert Waters

Introduction

I. Divorce and remarriage is seen by many as one of the most challenging Bible subjects, if not THE most difficult.

  1. It has probably been the most hotly debated issue among disciples of Christ, and because of the ramifications...it is a highly emotional issue.

         B. Why is this subject so difficult – why is there not a more unanimous understanding?

           1. God is not the author of confusion, and his word is perfect:

                a. 1 Co 14:33 - For God is not the author of confusion, but of peace, as in all

                    churches of the saints.

                b.  Ps 19:7 - The law of the LORD is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the   

                     LORD is sure, making wise the simple.

           2. Thus, it must be due to error and misunderstanding on man’s part.
           3. God’s word is perfect and when we understand it there will be no doubts.

II. The text: Mark 10:11 (one of them)

     Mark 10:11 - "Whosoever shall put away his wife, and marry another, committeth adultery against her."

        A. What is often concluded from Jesus’ teachings (usually Matt 19:9) is that a person who

          divorces his spouse and marries another commits adultery because they are still
          married to the previous spouse.
          1. Thus, they conclude and teach that one who is divorced must remain celibate.
          2. However, there is the exception clause to contend with, which is found in
              Matt 19:9: "except for fornication," and people generally have concluded that
              this means if one of the parties has committed adultery he can remarry, but many
              contend that only if they initiate the divorce because of the adultery can they remarry.
              a. Thus, if your spouse initiates the divorce against you, even though you have
                  been faithful, you cannot (according to them) marry another.
              b. But I contend, and stand ready to debate, that this was basically the opposite of what
                  Jesus taught.


     B. There are those who are determined to obey what they think Jesus taught without considering

          the possibility that they could be wrong or showing any signs of caring about the consequences.
          1. But there are those who have considered the consequences of the “traditional”
              position and have found them to be unacceptable, and therefore continue their
              search for the truth.
              a. By unacceptable I'm talking about facts like:
                  1) Their teaching can only be true if Jesus contradicted the Law under which he lived, which
                       allowed divorce.
                        i) This conclusion has Jesus sinning by failing in His duty as a prophet of God responsible to

                            follow and teach the Law, which included the divorce law.

                  2)  …it does not allow harmony of the scriptures since Paul
                        commanded…to let the unmarried marry (1Cor7:8,9) and stated the

                        reason to “let them marry,” which is to “avoid fornication” (1 Cor7:2)

                        and stated that the “loosed” do not sin if they marry (Vs 27, 28)
                  3)  Their teaching that forbids people to marry was condemned by Paul as being

                        “doctrines of devils” 1 Tim 4:1-4.
                  4) It has God having made a law that requires punishing someone when they
                       did nothing to deserve it – of for the sin another committed.
             b. One must decide if the position he holds on divorce and remarriage has
                  “consequences” that he can or cannot accept, and make any necessary changes
                  in his thinking, teaching and practice.

C. Of course, this subject is difficult to study because of our own prejudices.
     1. Many have their minds made up and refuse to even consider anything that
          is contrary to what they were taught, and which might require a change.
          a. Their thinking regarding what Matt 19:9 says (which has become tradition)

               has become their authority, therefore, anything that conflicts with their

               preconceived ideas cannot possibly be correct and is automatically rejected.
      2. The truth on divorce and remarriage can be simplified by first getting on the right

           track, as I shall endeavor to show you.

Body

I. Let us now see how that Jesus’ teachings is misunderstood.

    A. Jesus said: Whosoever shall put away his wife, and marry another, committeth adultery against her. (Mark 10:11)

   B. Before anyone should draw any conclusions that requires drastic action, like breaking
        up a marriage or imposing celibacy (and using Jesus’ teachings to support it) he
        needs to know for sure what Jesus said.
        1. The common or “traditional” view of what He said is that one who divorces his
             spouse and marries another, commits adultery unless the one who initiated the
             divorce did it because of adultery.
             a. Thus, they claim that any divorced person who is now married, according to
                 Jesus is not really married “in God’s eyes,” but the conclusion is an assumption

                 based upon what they think He meant.
             b. Jesus did not say that a “divorced” person commit adultery if he/she marries

                 regardless of the reason for the divorce.
       2. Here is a paraphrase of what Jesus said: “If you ‘put away’ your wife and marry
            another, unless it be for fornication, you commit adultery and anyone who marries
            the one who was put away commits adultery.” (Matt 19:9).
            a. “Put away” and “divorce” are NOT THE SAME THING.
            b. “Put away” means “send out of the house” and results in separation – not
                 in a legal divorce, which makes clear why the woman would commit adultery

                 if she marries

             c. Don’t be confused about the so-called “exception clause” – this was simply

                 a situation like where the woman the man married was kin and the marriage

                 was illegal (incest).     (Two New Testament examples: 1) 1 Cor. 5; 2) Matt. 14:4.         

II. What evidence is there that “put away” just means what it says and does not
     mean divorce?


     A. First, there is a GK word for divorce and it is not the one that is translated put away in
          Matt 19:9.
          1. Greek words:
               a. APOLUO – “Put away”
               b. APOSTASION - “Divorce”
          2. It is argued that apoluo and apostasion are used interchangeably.
              a. I have observed that some preachers have been deliberately saying “put away”
                  when they mean divorce, at least in their writings.
              b. But it is a misuse of the Greek and the English.
          3. Interlinear: Mt 5:32 (KJV text)

              But [de] I [ego] say [lego] unto you [humin], That [hoti] whosoever [hos]
              [an] shall put away [apoluo] his [autos] wife [gune], saving [parektos] for
              the cause [logos] of fornication [porneia], causeth [poieo] her [autos] to
              commit adultery [moichao] and [kai] whosoever [hos] [ean] shall marry
              [gameo] her that is divorced [apoluo] committeth adultery [moichao]

    B. Authorities on APOLUO:
        1. Wuest (word studies)
             Mark 10:11 – "The words 'to put away' are apoluo, literally, 'to release.'
             When used in connection with divorce, it means 'to repudiate.'" Wuest Translation:

             And having come to Him, Pharisees kept on asking Him whether it is lawful for a man

             to repudiate a wife, putting Him to the test. Matt. 5:32: Whoever marries her who

             has been dismissed commits adultery.

        2. Thayer says apoluo means, “to dismiss from the house, to repudiate...”
             (Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, pg. 66). Later
             in the definition "divorce" is noted, but that definition is apparently
             included because some think the context of Matt. 1:19 indicates that
             Joseph was "of a mind to" divorce his spouse.  But since they were not married

             there is no justification for including divorce in the meaning in this text.
        3. Bagster’s Analytical Lexicon:

            “Apoluo. Put away: To let go; to let loose; to send away.”

            This definition was taken from an article published in Truth Magazine.

            Some have noted that their version of Bagster's work includes divorce.

       4. George Lamsa's Translation of the New Testament

           “Matthew 5:31 It has been said that whoever divorces his wife, must give her
            the divorce papers. 32 But I say to you, that whoever divorces his wife, except
            for fornication, causes her to commit adultery; and whoever marries a woman
            who is separated but not divorced, commits adultery.”

            Mr. Lamsa is not completely consistent in his thinking because he translated

            apoluo as divorce twice in this verse and only once translated it correctly as

            separated. However, Lamsa makes it quite clear that the meaning, according to
            the context, is that marrying a woman that has been separated from her husband

            but has not received the "bill of divorcement" is what results in adultery.

            Evidently, because putting away has been considered "divorce" for so long (and

            may have even been so misused in Jesus' day), many scholars continue to refer to

            the "putting away" as divorce, even though a legal and scriptural divorce requires

            a "bill of divorcement" according to the law God inspired Moses to write (Deut. 24:1-4),

            which virtually all civil authorities today respect and follow.

B. Authorities on the meaning of the English words "PUT AWAY":
    Some English dictionaries do not even include divorce as a definition of “put away”
    including:
    a. Wordnet Dictionary:
         “Put Away”
         Definition:
         1. [v] turn away from and put aside, perhaps temporarily; “She turned away from her
             painting”
         2. [v] eat up; usually refers to a considerable quantity of food; “My son tucked in a
              whole pizza”
         3. [v] kill gently, as with an injection, as of pet animals
         4. [v] place in a place where something cannot be removed or someone cannot
             escape; “The parents locked her daughter up for the weekend”; “She locked her
             jewels in the safe”
         5. [v] throw or cast away; “Put away your worries”
         6. [v] lock up or confine, in or as in a jail; “The suspects were imprisoned without
             trial”; “the murderer was incarcerated for the rest of his life”

Synonyms include: cast aside, cast away, cast out, discard, dispose, throw away,
throw out


     b. The Collins English Dictionary © 2000 HarperCollins Publishers:
          “Put Away”
          verb [transitive, adverb(ial)]
          1. to return (something) to the correct or proper place example: he put away his books
          2. to save example: to put away money for the future
          3. to lock up in a prison, mental institution, etc.

               example: they put him away for twenty years
          4. to eat or drink, esp. in large amounts
          5. to put to death, because of old age or illness
               example: the dog had to be put away

    c. There was NO MENTION of divorce anywhere in the definition of “put away”.
        1) Why is this significant?
        2) Because apoluo is properly translated, “put away” and “put away”, in our
             language does not mean divorce.
        3) In the O.T. there were two parts to a divorce, and it is pretty much the same today.
            a) You file for divorce, and when the papers are completed you present them
                 to your spouse.
            b) Then you put her away or send her out of the house. (Of course, in our
                 day the woman usually gets the house and the man leaves.)

D. Authorities on the meaning of Divorce:
    “Apostasion”, properly translated “divorce” or “divorcement”. [Grk. 647] apostasion
     (ap-os-tas’-ee-on) “neuter of a (presumed) adjective from a derivative of 868; properly,
      something separative, i.e. (specially) divorce:--(writing of) divorcement” (Strong's).
      Smith’s Bible Dictionary defines divorce as: “A legal dissolution of the marriage relation.”

E. What about the fact that some versions of the N.T. translate apoluo as divorce?
    1. It is true that several translations have translated apoluo as divorce in Matt 5:32 etc.
         a. However, as far as I have been able to find out, the KJV was the first to translate
             apoluo as divorce and it was certainly inconsistent in so doing.
             1) Of the 11 times Jesus used the word apoluo the KJV rendered it “put away”
                  every time except in one case – Matt. 5:32, and there is no apparent legitimate

                  reason for the inconsistency.
         b. Previous to the KJV was the Wyclilff version:
              Mark 10:11 - “Whosoever putteth awaye his wyfe and maryeth another, breaketh
              wedlock to herward. And if a woman forsake her husband and be maryed to
              another, she committeth advoutry also.”

         c. A margin note in The Geneva Bible translated from the Textus Receptus in
             1599 (years before the KJV) concerning the term put away said, “that is, was not

              lawfully divorced.” (see: http://www.genevabible.org/files/DailyScripture/Luke16Footnotes.htm
              1) Why is this worthy of note? It gives support to the idea that Jesus was talking

                   about men merely putting away their wives and NOT divorcing them lawfully.
          d. Greek/English Interlinear (tr){BUT I} legw [3004] (5719) {SAY} umin [5213] {TO
               YOU} oti [3754] {THAT} oV [3739] an [302] {WHOEVER} apolush [630] (5661)
               thn [3588] {SHALL PUT AWAY} gunaika [1135] autou [846] {HIS WIFE,} parektoV
               [3924] {EXCEPT} logou [3056] {ON ACCOUNT} porneiaV [4202] {OF
               FORNICATION,} poiei [4160] (5719) {CAUSES} authn [846] {HER} moicasqai
               [3429] (5738) {TO COMMIT ADULTERY;} kai [2532] {AND} oV [3739] ean
               [1437] {WHOEVER} apolelumenhn [630] (5772) {HER WHO HAS BEEN PUT
               AWAY} gamhsh [1060] (5661) {SHALL MARRY,} moicatai [3429] (5736)
               {COMMITS ADULTERY.}
          e. The American Standard Version is widely respected as being the most literal and 
accurate version.
               a. It consistently renders apoluo as “put away” in the passages relative to our
                   study, and never does it render it as divorce.
               b. Had the ASV scholars understood apoluo to mean divorce they would have so
                   translated it.
      2. What appears to have happened is that the KJV erred by translating apoluo as
           divorce in one instance, probably due to Papal influence.
           a. By the time many of the newer versions came along many scholars were indoctrinated in the idea that

                Jesus meant divorce when he was talking about merely "putting away," and therefore their biases were

                 reflected in their writings and translations.
            b. Considering that the KJV has been so respected and widely used there is no wonder
                 that many were influenced by it.

                  See https://www.totalhealth.bz/divorce-and-remarriage-matthew-5-32.htm
                  A list of New Testament Translations that do not translate apoluo as divorce.

III. How is it possible that disciples came to think that “put away” means divorce?

      A. First, in O.T. times some Jews were apparently simply putting away their wives or sending 
them away and marrying another.
           1. Originally, there was no law authorizing divorce, but due to the hardness of heart of the
                men, who were sending away their wives and marrying another, the law was given.
           2. Their evil practice resulted in the women being put out on their own without a means of
                supporting themselves.
                a. They could not marry another without being charged with committing adultery.
                b. Therefore, God COMMANDED the “bill of divorcement” to be given.

                     Deut. 24:1 (ASV) - When a man taketh a wife, and marrieth her, then it shall be, if she

                     find no favor in his eyes, because he hath found some unseemly thing in her, that he

                     shall  write her a bill of divorcement, and give it in her hand, and send her out of his house.

                     1) From the reading it seems evident that providing the “bill of divorcement”
                          was a command.
                     2) Jesus’ question (Mark 10:3) confirms that it was a command: “What did Moses
                          command you?”

                     3) Now, let it be understood that this was no command, or even license, for treachery
                          against one’s spouse, because this is the very thing God “hateth” (Mal 2:16) - For
                          the LORD, the God of Israel, saith that he hateth putting away: for one covereth
                          violence with his garment, saith the LORD of hosts: therefore take heed to your
                          spirit, that ye deal not treacherously.

                     4) Nevertheless, in the case where men were determined to deal treacherously
                         with their spouse, by merely putting her away, that He commands the actual
                         divorce be given seems apparent.
               3. Let us take a close look at Mark 10:2-5:

                   And the Pharisees came to him, and asked him, Is it lawful for a man to put away his

                   wife? tempting him. And he answered and said unto them, What did Moses command

                   you?  And they said, Moses suffered to write a bill of divorcement, and to put her away.

                   And Jesus answered and said unto them, For the hardness of your heart he wrote you

                   this precept.

                   a. First, the Pharisees asked if it was lawful for a man to put away his wife.
                       1) Jesus responded by asking them what Moses commanded.
                       2) They replied that Moses allowed them to write a “bill of divorce” and to “put away”.
                       3) But Jesus responded that it was a “precept” or command, and that the giving of it 
was because of their hardness of heart.
                   b. Observations:
                       1) If put away means the same as divorce or is used interchangeable, then God’s word is redundant and makes no sense.
                       2) Such thinking has the conversant saying: (vs 4): Moses suffered you to divorce your wives and to divorce them.


continued....

click here to continue with part II

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